The life of the forest Richness of undergrowth and understorey

The Polish forests, especially deciduous ones, are characterized by a multi-storey structure, which can usually be divided into four layers.In the vertical structure of the forest, apart from the crown of trees, the lowest layer is also distinguished, i.e. forest duff and two intermediate layers: undergrowth and understorey. In coniferous forests, we can also distinguish the mossy layer.In a complex forest ecosystem, where every organism - plant or animal is important and irreplaceable, the lower floors of the forest perform many important functions. Thanks to the dense root network, the undergrowth and understorey plants protect the soil against erosion and, by shading it, reduce the rate of water evaporation. In this way, they improve the water relations and climate inside the forest.They also delight with the richness of life that is always blooming in them.

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